Tumors in your posterior (back) mediastinum can place pressure on your spinal cord. These issues include spreading to your heart, pericardium (the lining around your heart) and great vessels (the aorta and vena cava). Is a mediastinal tumor serious?ĭue to their location, mediastinal tumors that aren’t treated can cause serious problems, even if they’re not cancerous. The most common types are thymomas, benign mediastinal cysts and lymphomas. Most form in the anterior (front) part of your mediastinum. Mediastinal tumors are rare, occurring in less than 1% of the population. These tumors often begin in the nerves and aren’t cancerous. In children, most tumors form in the posterior (back) mediastinum. In adults, most tumors form in the anterior (front) mediastinum and are cancerous lymphomas or thymomas. Still, these tumors can develop at any age and form from any tissue that exists in or passes through your chest cavity. Most people diagnosed with mediastinal tumors are between the ages of 30 and 50. Blood vessel conditions: These include aortic aneurysms.Conditions affecting your mid-spine (paravertebral conditions): These include infectious, malignant and traumatic abnormalities that appear in the middle of your spine ( thoracic spine).Neuroenteric cyst: This is a rare growth, consisting of various tissue types. Extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH): In rare cases, masses can form from bone marrow.Mediastinal lymphadenopathy: You can also have enlarged lymph nodes in the back portion of your mediastinum.They include nerve sheath tumors, ganglion cell tumors and paragangliomas. They’re the most common posterior mediastinal tumors. Neurogenic tumors: These tumors form in nerve tissue.Blood vessel conditions: These include aortic aneurysm and aortic dissection.Esophageal conditions: These are benign conditions of your food pipe that include achalasia, diverticulum and hiatal hernia.Esophageal tumors: Tumors in your esophagus, or food pipe, may be benign or malignant.Tracheal tumors: Tumors in your windpipe, or trachea, may be benign or malignant.Pericardial cyst : These benign growths form in the fluid-filled sac that surrounds your heart, called the pericardium.Mediastinal lymphadenopathy: This condition involves having swollen or enlarged lymph nodes.Bronchogenic cyst : These small, benign cysts are usually filled with fluid or mucus.Thyroid mass: This is usually a benign growth, like a goiter.The majority of germ cell tumors are benign. Germ cell tumor : Your mediastinum is the most common place for germ cell tumors to form other than your gonads (ovaries or testicles).Lymphoma: These malignant tumors include both Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma.They usually only require treatment if they’re placing pressure on nearby structures and causing symptoms. Thymic cysts: Thymic cysts are benign.A more aggressive cancerous tumor that forms on your thymus gland, called thymic carcinoma, grows and spreads more quickly than thymomas. They’re cancerous tumors that start in your thymus gland. Thymoma and thymic carcinoma: Thymomas are the most common mediastinal tumors.They’re classified based on where they are in your mediastinum: the anterior (front), middle or posterior (back). There are several types of mediastinal tumors. What are the types of mediastinal tumors? Your lymph system, or lymphatic system, is also part of your immune system and helps protect your body. Your thymus is an organ that’s part of your immune system. Your mediastinum contains your heart, aorta, esophagus, thymus, thyroid, trachea, lymph nodes and nerves. This area, called the mediastinum, is surrounded by your breastbone in front, your spine in back and your lungs on each side. Mediastinal tumors are growths that form in the area of your chest between your lungs. They can be benign (not cancerous) or malignant ( cancerous). Tumors (also called neoplasms) are masses of cells. The mediastinum is divided into three sections: the anterior (front), middle or posterior (back).
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